![]() Finally, a customizable prototype of risk management system in power-plant construction projects was proposed in order to examine the viability. The proposed methodology, variables, and initial values were identified by an extensive literature review and expert interviews. It also defines risk packages and risk paths for effective manipulation in a structured manner. The proposed methodology includes standard risk classifications and structured risk evaluation techniques in terms of likelihood, impact, and weightings for different types of power plants. ![]() In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a standardized risk management methodology for nuclear power plant (NPP) construction with a capability of comparing distinctive risk characteristics among fossil, gas, and nuclear power plants. However, there have been very limited studies in systemized risk management methods due to the unstructured nature of the risk items and knowledge, especially for nuclear power plant projects. Therefore, the goal of risk management is to improve project performance by systematically identifying and assessing project risks, developing strategies to reduce or avoid risks and to maximize opportunities. International projects have a high level of risk and complexity, which results in greater possibilities of cost overruns and schedule conflicts when compared with local projects. ![]() The concern of risk management has continuously increased in international construction projects. In addition to its contribution to Shenandoah Valley history, this dissertation proposes new ways of theorizing archaeological research on enslaved life that draws heavily from assemblage thinking and Black studies, focusing on ontological politics through which how enslavers defined enslaved people as a different type of human than themselves and enslaved people redefined their humanities on their own terms. Using these sources, this dissertation assesses 1) the impact grain agriculture had on enslaved people and the economic impact of enslaved farmers, 2) the food rations issued to enslaved Shenandoahans and the ways they grew, gathered, raised, and hunted at night and on Sundays to ensure their families had enough to eat, 3) how restrictions on enslaved people’s consumption practices limited their ability to travel to, and buy goods from, cities, towns, and country stores, 4) the ways enslaved people used imported tea and tablewares and locally-made utilitarian ceramics to make lives for themselves, and the larger economic implications of these actions, and 5) the struggles between enslaved Shenandoahans and their enslavers that took place through local landscapes. Data for this project comes from archaeological excavations at the main enslaved quartering site at Belle Grove Plantation and 19th-century written sources from Frederick and Shenandoah Counties, Virginia, and Jefferson County, West Virginia. Specifically, this project answers two questions: what was life like for enslaved people in the Shenandoah Valley, and how did they shape the region's political economies. Scholars did not widely acknowledge the presence of slavery in the Valley before the 1990s, and this is the first work to provide an in-depth view of the lives of enslaved Shenandoahans before 1860. ![]() This dissertation is a study of the lives of some of the people enslaved on rural plantations and farmsteads in the northern Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia.
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